Results for 'Fritz W. Schulze'

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  1.  26
    Imaginative Geschichts-,Prophetie' bei Huxley und Orwell.Fritz W. Schulze - 1984 - Zeitschrift für Religions- Und Geistesgeschichte 36 (3):204-222.
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  2.  51
    Roman Legal Science Fritz Schulz: History of Roman Legal Science. Pp. xvi+358. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. Cloth, 21s. net. [REVIEW]P. W. Duff - 1947 - The Classical Review 61 (3-4):119-121.
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  3.  81
    Episodic Memory, Simulated Future Planning, and their Evolution.Armin W. Schulz & Sarah Robins - 2023 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 14 (3):811-832.
    The pressures that led to the evolution of episodic memory have recently seen much discussion, but a fully satisfactory account of them is still lacking. We seek to make progress in this debate by taking a step backward, identifying four possible ways that episodic memory could evolve in relation to simulationist future planning—a similar and seemingly related ability. After distinguishing each of these possibilities, the paper critically discusses existing accounts of the evolution of episodic memory. It then presents a novel (...)
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  4.  23
    Tools of the trade: the bio-cultural evolution of the human propensity to trade.Armin W. Schulz - 2022 - Biology and Philosophy 37 (2):1-24.
    Humans are standouts in their propensity to trade. More specially, the kind of trading found in humans—featuring the exchange of many different goods and services with many different others, for the mutual benefit of all the involved parties—far exceeds anything that is found in any other creature. However, a number of important questions about this propensity remain open. First, it is not clear exactly what makes this propensity so different in the human case from that of other animals. Second, it (...)
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  5.  15
    A Bi-directional Big Bang/Crunch Universe within a Two-State-Vector Quantum Mechanics?Fritz W. Bopp - 2019 - Foundations of Physics 49 (1):53-62.
    A two boundary quantum mechanics incorporating a big bang/big crunch universe is carefully considered. After a short motivation of the concept we address the central question how a proposed a-causal quantum universe can be consistent with what is known about macroscopia and how it might find experimental support.
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  6.  31
    Explaining Human Diversity: the Need to Balance Fit and Complexity.Armin W. Schulz - 2021 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 14 (2):1-19.
    While the existence of human cognitive and behavioral diversity is now widely recognized, it is not yet well established how to explain this diversity. In particular, it is still unclear how to determine whether any given instance of human cognitive and behavioral diversity is due to a common psychology that is merely “triggered” differently in different bio-cultural environments, or whether it is due to deeply and fundamentally different psychologies. This paper suggests that, to answer this question, we need to employ (...)
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  7.  58
    Time Symmetric Quantum Mechanics and Causal Classical Physics?Fritz W. Bopp - 2017 - Foundations of Physics 47 (4):490-504.
    A two boundary quantum mechanics without time ordered causal structure is advocated as consistent theory. The apparent causal structure of usual “near future” macroscopic phenomena is attributed to a cosmological asymmetry and to rules governing the transition between microscopic to macroscopic observations. Our interest is a heuristic understanding of the resulting macroscopic physics.
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  8.  13
    Explaining Human Diversity: the Need to Balance Fit and Complexity.Armin W. Schulz - 2021 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 14 (2):457-475.
    While the existence of human cognitive and behavioral diversity is now widely recognized, it is not yet well established how to explain this diversity. In particular, it is still unclear how to determine whether any given instance of human cognitive and behavioral diversity is due to a common psychology that is merely “triggered” differently in different bio-cultural environments, or whether it is due to deeply and fundamentally different psychologies. This paper suggests that, to answer this question, we need to employ (...)
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  9.  14
    An Intricate Quantum Statistical Effect and the Foundation of Quantum Mechanics.Fritz W. Bopp - 2021 - Foundations of Physics 51 (1):1-21.
    An intricate quantum statistical effect guides us to a deterministic, non-causal quantum universe with a given fixed initial and final state density matrix. A concept is developed on how and where something like macroscopic physics can emerge. However, the concept does not allow philosophically crucial free will decisions. The quantum world and its conjugate evolve independently, and one can replace fixed final states on each side just with a common matching one. This change allows for external manipulations done in the (...)
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  10.  30
    Naming and nurturing reality from a heart renewed by grace.Fritz W. De Wet - 2015 - HTS Theological Studies 71 (2):01-08.
    This contribution investigates the unbearable tension between the homiletical act of naming reality on the one hand, and neglecting this same reality on the other hand, thereby causing it to return to an ignored, unchallenged and degenerated state. The author focuses on tension fields that are generated when preachers embark on the activity of naming realities in their proximate contexts and how they position, withdraw or distance themselves in a certain way when problematic elements are opened up by the act (...)
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  11.  6
    30 Gedanken zum Tod.Martin W. Schnell, Christian Schulz, Olaf Schlotte & Klaus Honnef (eds.) - 2016 - Berlin: Nicolai.
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  12. Der Mensch in der Begegnung.Fritz Schulze - 1956 - Nürnberg,: Glock und Lutz.
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  13.  10
    Structure, Evidence, and Heuristic: Evolutionary Biology, Economics, and the Philosophy of Their Relationship.Armin W. Schulz - 2019 - New York, NY: Routledge.
    This book is the first systematic treatment of the philosophy of science underlying evolutionary economics. It does not advocate an evolutionary approach towards economics, but rather assesses the epistemic value of appealing to evolutionary biology in economics more generally. The author divides work in evolutionary economics into three distinct, albeit related, forms: a structural form, an evidential form, and a heuristic form. He then analyzes five examples of work in evolutionary economics falling under these three forms. For the structural form, (...)
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  14.  42
    Enhancing thoughts: Culture, technology, and the evolution of human cognitive uniqueness.Armin W. Schulz - 2020 - Mind and Language 37 (3):465-484.
    Three facts are widely thought to be key to the characterization of human cognitive uniqueness (though a number of other factors are often cited as well): (a) humans are sophisticated cultural learners; (b) humans often rely on mental states with rich representational contents; and (c) humans have the ability and disposition to make and use tools. This article argues that (a)–(c) create a positive feedback loop: Sophisticated cultural learning makes possible the manufacture of tools that increase the sophistication of representational (...)
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  15. Eye-hand dominance and manual responses to visual motion.B. E. Arnold-Schulz-Gahmen, A. Ehrenstein & W. H. Ehrenstein - 1996 - In Enrique Villanueva (ed.), Perception. Ridgeview Pub. Co. pp. 138-139.
  16.  30
    The Origins of Distinctively Human Mindreading: A Bio-social-technological Co-evolutionary Account.Armin W. Schulz - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
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  17.  11
    Equilibrium modeling in economics: a design-based defense.Armin W. Schulz - 2024 - Journal of Economic Methodology 31 (1):36-53.
    Several authors have recently argued that the excessive focus on equilibrium models in mainstream economic analysis prevents economists from providing accurate representations of the complex and dynamic nature of real economic systems. In response, this paper argues the following. Many economic systems are the products of deliberate and centralized human design. People can and do build and support structures, such as social institutions, aiming to enhance the predictability of economic systems, and thus to move them toward being equilibrium systems. This (...)
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  18. Deutsche Volksspende für Goethes Geburtsstätte.Fritz Schulze - 1932 - Kant Studien 37:231.
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  19. 11. Haupttagung des Euckenbundes in Jena.Fritz Schulze - 1932 - Société Française de Philosophie, Bulletin 37:230.
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  20. 11. Haupttagung des Euckenbundes in Jena.Fritz Schulze - 1932 - Kant Studien 37:230.
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  21.  23
    Hypocrisy as a challenge to Christian belief.J. W. Schulz - 2018 - Religious Studies 54 (2):247-264.
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  22.  18
    What’s the Point? A Presentist Social Functionalist Account of Institutional Purpose.Armin W. Schulz - 2021 - Sage Publications Inc: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 52 (1-2):53-80.
    Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Volume 52, Issue 1-2, Page 53-80, January-March 2022. Although it is clear that many of the major contemporary social problems center on the extent to which social institutions do or do not function as they are meant to do, it is still unclear exactly what the function of a social institution is—and thus when this function is undermined. This paper presents and defends a novel theory of social functionalism—presentist social functionalism—to answer these questions. According to (...)
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  23.  34
    By genes alone: a model selectionist argument for genetical explanations of cooperation in non-human organisms.Armin W. Schulz - 2017 - Biology and Philosophy 32 (6):951-967.
    I distinguish two versions of kin selection theory—a purely genetic version and a version that also appeals to cultural forms of cooperation —and present an argument in favor of using the former when it comes to accounting for the evolution of cooperation in non-human organisms. Specifically, I first show that both GKST and WKST are equally mathematically coherent—they can both be derived from the Price equation—but not necessarily equally empirically plausible, as they are based on different assumptions about the inheritance (...)
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  24.  71
    It takes two: sexual strategies and game theory.Armin W. Schulz - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41 (1):41-49.
    David Buss’s Sexual Strategies Theory is one of the major evolutionary psychological research programmes, but, as I try to show in this paper, its theoretical and empirical foundations cannot yet be seen to be fully compelling. This lack of cogency comes about due to Buss’s failure to attend to the interactive nature of his subject matter, which leads him to overlook two classic and well known issues of game theoretic and evolutionary biological analysis. Firstly, Buss pays insufficient attention to the (...)
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  25. Der Gottesgedanke.W. Schulze-Soelde - 1971 - Hildesheim,: H.A. Gerstenberg.
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  26.  13
    Is Purely Practical Agreement Possible? Maritain’s Mexico City Thesis Answers Some MacIntyrian Challenges.J. W. Schulz - 2018 - Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 92:175-188.
    In 1947, Jacques Maritain argued before the UN that “men mutually opposed in their theoretical conceptions can come to a merely practical agreement regarding a list of human rights.” Maritain justified this thesis using a progressive theory of the natural law which rests on a distinction between the natural law as operative in human nature and the natural law as known and articulated. Drawing on Maritain’s 1951 Man and the State, this essay defends a MacIntyrian reading of Maritain’s thesis and (...)
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  27.  73
    Coffee - Philosophy for Everyone: Grounds for Debate.Fritz Allhoff, Scott F. Parker & Michael W. Austin (eds.) - 2011 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    Offering philosophical insights into the popular morning brew, _Coffee -- Philosophy for Everyone_ kick starts the day with an entertaining but critical discussion of the ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, and culture of coffee. Matt Lounsbury of pioneering business Stumptown Coffee discusses just how good coffee can be Caffeine-related chapters cover the ethics of the coffee trade, the metaphysics of coffee and the centrality of the coffee house to the public sphere Includes a foreword by Donald Schoenholt, President at Gillies Coffee Company.
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  28.  23
    Fatherhood - Philosophy for Everyone: The Dao of Daddy.Fritz Allhoff, Lon Nease & Michael W. Austin (eds.) - 2010 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    _Fatherhood - Philosophy for Everyone_ offers fathers wisdom and practical advice drawn from the annals of philosophy. Both thought-provoking and humorous, it provides a valuable starting and ending point for reflecting on this crucial role. Address the roles, experiences, ethics, and challenges of fatherhood from a philosophical perspective Includes essays on Confucius, Socrates, the experience of African fatherhood, and the perspective of two women writers Explores the changing role of fatherhood and investigates what it means to be a father An (...)
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  29.  14
    Learning and retention of paired adjectives as a function of percentage occurrence of response members.Rudolph W. Schulz & Willard N. Runquist - 1960 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 59 (6):409.
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  30.  22
    Serial learning as a function of meaningfulness and mode of presentation with audio and visual stimuli of equivalent duration.Rudolph W. Schulz & Richard A. Kasschau - 1966 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 71 (3):350.
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  31.  52
    Cycling - Philosophy for Everyone: A Philosophical Tour de Force.Fritz Allhoff, Jesús Ilundáin-Agurruza & Michael W. Austin (eds.) - 2010 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    Covering interesting and varied philosophical terrain, _Cycling - Philosophy for Everyone_ explores in a fun but critical way the rich philosophical, cultural, and existential experiences that arise when two wheels are propelled by human energy. Incorporates or reflects the views of high-profile and notable past-professional cyclists and insiders such as Lennard Zinn, Scott Tinley, and Lance Armstrong Features contributions from the areas of cultural studies, kinesiology, literature, and political science as well as from philosophers Includes enlightening essays on the varieties (...)
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  32. Coffee.Fritz Allhoff, Scott F. Parker & Michael W. Austin (eds.) - 2011-03-04 - Wiley‐Blackwell.
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  33. Fatherhood ‐ Philosophy for Everyone.Fritz Allhoff, Lon S. Nease & Michael W. Austin (eds.) - 2010-09-24 - Wiley‐Blackwell.
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  34.  44
    Altruism, egoism, or neither: A cognitive-efficiency-based evolutionary biological perspective on helping behavior.Armin W. Schulz - 2016 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 56:15-23.
  35. Cycling ‐ Philosophy for Everyone.Fritz Allhoff, Jesús Ilundáin‐Agurruza & Michael W. Austin (eds.) - 2010-09-24 - Wiley‐Blackwell.
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  36.  20
    Kategorienlehre.W. C. Swabey, E. Von Hartmann & Fritz Kern - 1925 - Philosophical Review 34 (4):416.
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  37. Core knowledge and its role in explaining uniquely human cognition: Some questions.Armin W. Schulz - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e141.
    Questions can be raised about the central status that evolutionarily ancient core knowledge systems are given in Spelke's otherwise very compelling theory. So, the existence of domain-general learning capacities has to be admitted, too, and no clear reason is provided to doubt the existence of uniquely human cognitive adaptations. All of these factors should be acknowledged when explaining human thought.
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  38.  62
    Micro-foundations and Methodology: A Complexity-Based Reconceptualization of the Debate.Nadia Ruiz & Armin W. Schulz - 2023 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 74 (2):359-379.
    In a number of very influential publications, Epstein and Hoover (among other authors) have recently argued that a thoroughly micro-foundationalist approach towards economics is unconvincing for metaphysical reasons. However, as we show in this article, this metaphysical/social ontological approach to the debate fails to resolve the status of micro-foundations in the practice of economic modelling. To overcome this, we argue that endogenizing a model—that is, providing micro-foundations for it—correlates with making that model more complex. Specifically, we show that models with (...)
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  39. Beyond the Hype: The Value of Evolutionary Theorizing in Economics.Armin W. Schulz - 2013 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 43 (1):46-72.
    In this paper, I consider the recent resurgence of “evolutionary economics”—the idea that evolutionary theory can be very useful to push forward key debates in economics—and assess the extent to which it rests on a plausible foundation. To do this, I first distinguish two ways in which evolutionary theory can, in principle, be brought to bear on an economic problem—namely, evidentially and heuristically—and then apply this distinction to the three major hypotheses that evolutionary economists have come to defend: the implausibility (...)
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  40.  15
    Increased metabolic activity in the septum and habenula during stress is linked to subsequent expression of learned helplessness behavior.Martine M. Mirrione, Daniela Schulz, Kyle A. B. Lapidus, Samuel Zhang, Wayne Goodman & Fritz A. Henn - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  41.  40
    Firms, agency, and evolution.Armin W. Schulz - 2016 - Journal of Economic Methodology 23 (1):57-76.
    A recent trend in economics has been to appeal to evolutionary theory when addressing various open questions in the subject. I here further investigate one particular such appeal to evolutionary biology: the argument that, since markets select firms as coherent units, firms should be seen to be genuine economic agents. To assess this argument, I present a model of firm/office selection in a competitive market, and show that there are cases where markets can select for firms/offices as collective units – (...)
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  42. Preferences Vs. Desires: Debating the Fundamental Structure of Conative States.Armin W. Schulz - 2015 - Economics and Philosophy 31 (2):239-257.
    Abstract:I address an overlooked question about the structure of the cognitive/conative model of the mind that underlies much of the work in economics, psychology and philosophy: namely, whether conative states are fundamentally monistic (desire-like) or comparative (preference-like). I argue that two seemingly promising sets of theoretical considerations – namely, the structure of Rational Choice Theory, and considerations of computational efficiency – are unable to resolve this debate. Given this, I suggest that a consideration that speaks in favour of the preference-based (...)
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  43.  56
    Niche construction, adaptive preferences, and the differences between fitness and utility.Armin W. Schulz - 2014 - Biology and Philosophy 29 (3):315-335.
    A number of scholars have recently defended the claim that there is a close connection between the evolutionary biological notion of fitness and the economic notion of utility: both are said to refer to an organism’s success in dealing with its environment, and both are said to play the same theoretical roles in their respective sciences. However, an analysis of two seemingly disparate but in fact structurally related phenomena—‘niche construction’ (the case where organisms change their environment to make it fit (...)
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  44.  21
    Studies of distributed practice: XIX. The influence of intralist similarity with lists of low meaningfulness.Benton J. Underwood & Rudolph W. Schulz - 1959 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 58 (2):106.
  45.  26
    Aristotle and the Virtues. By Howard J. Curzer.Joshua W. Schulz - 2014 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 88 (1):167-169.
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  46. Die Problematik des Physikalisch-Realen.W. Schulze-Soelde - 1962 - Stuttgart,: S. Hirzel.
     
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  47. Formelle und reelle Vergesellschaftung der Arbeit im Sozialismus.W. Schulze - 1980 - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 28 (7):871.
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  48.  20
    Generalization of serial position in rote serial learning.Rudolph W. Schulz - 1955 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 49 (4):267.
  49.  5
    Kierkegaard’s Comic and Tragic Lovers.Joshua W. Schulz - 2012 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 86 (2):251-269.
    This essay examines a dialogue between Kierkegaard and the Aristotelian tradition on the topic of love and friendship. At stake in the dispute is whetherphilia or agape is the highest form of love and how we should understand the relation between the two loves. The essay contributes to the conversation by analyzing two kinds of deceptive love identified in Kierkegaard’s Works of Love, viewing each through the lens of a Shakespearian persona. Against the Aristotelian tradition, Kierkegaard defends the idiosyncratic view (...)
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  50.  40
    The Heuristic Defense of Scientific Models: An Incentive-Based Assessment.Armin W. Schulz - 2015 - Perspectives on Science 23 (4):424-442.
    It is undeniable that much scientific work is model-based. Despite this, the justification for this reliance on models is still controversial. A particular difficulty here is the fact that many scientific models are based on assumptions that do not describe the exact details of many or even any empirical situations very well. This raises the question of why it is that, despite their frequent lack of descriptive accuracy, employing models is scientifically useful.One..
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